Organizational Readiness Project Risk Management Essay

Assignment 1: Assess Organizational Readiness Project Risk Management Dr. Steven Englehart BUS 519 October 20, 2016 Stephanie Fletcher Strayer University Assess Organizational Readiness For any company, risk management is an important strategy to have in place. There are a number of factors that need to be reviewed in order to decrease the risk of failure. A presence of a Risk management program would not only set the framework into place to save time, money, and rework but also increases the chance of success for that particular company. Critical Success Factors According to Hillson Simon (2012), in order for a project to be considered successful, the Critical Success Factors (CSF) must be completed. Those CSF’s include: †¢ A supportive organization †¢ Competent people †¢ Appropriate supporting infrastructure †¢ A simple to use, scalable and documented process The CSF’s in the Environmental Quality International (EQI) in Siwa case study, apply by: CSF How they apply: Supportive Organization †¢ EQI’s president has a vested interest †¢ Sustainable by preserving the local culture †¢ Attracted attention for loans tech support from International finance Corp. Skilled and Competent Staff †¢ Local staff used for projects †¢ Skills being taught by older generation to younger generation †¢ Neamatalla and Laila played a major role in keeping the Siwa culture and traditions alive by helping pass the knowledge and skills Appropriate supporting infrastructure †¢ WillingnessShow MoreRelatedThe Critical Success Factor Of British Petroleum1562 Words   |  7 Pagesstarting with senior management as well as disregarding safety concerns throughout BP. This paper will attempt to look at various details of the Critical Success Factor of British Petroleum (BP). We will then determine how these factors impact the success of the firm through project benefits, risk culture and organizational readiness. In this paper we will also provide project risk recommendations that will allow companies to plan accordingly when dealing with risk management task this way they willRead MoreHow The Critical Success Factors1308 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyze how the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) apply to the facts of the case study. Provide examples to support your analysis For any corporate risk management program, there are a number of aspects whose absence indicates an increased possibility of failure for the risk management program and whose existence significantly increases the chance for success of the program (Hillson and Simon, 2012). These factors, called Critical Success Factors (CSF), are comprised of the following: †¢ An organizationRead MoreSocial Media And Mobile Adaptability Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesadapting to organizational change has become an essential ability required at the workplace today. The old culture, comfort, structures and systems become very difficult to change even as the environment at the organization changes rapidly. It is important to manage this â€Å"people side† of change and the organizations that adapt the quickest create a competitive advantage for themselves, while the companies that don’t keep up get left behind. This results in major losses and organizational incompetenceRead MoreThe For Any Corporate Risk Management Program Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesFor any corporate risk management program, there are a number of factors whose absence signals an increased likelihood of failure for the risk management program and whose presence greatly increases the chance for success of the program (Hillson and Simon, 2012). These factors, called Critical Success Factors (CSF), include the following: †¢ An organization supportive of the process; †¢ A skilled and competent staff; †¢ The presence of the necessary support infrastructure; and †¢ A simple, scalable,Read MoreGetting From The Starting Point To The Round Line : Project Management Skills For Ips Case Study1192 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Starting Point to the Finish Line: Project Management Skills for IPs â€Å"We’re having an issue with surgical instrument cleaning† â€Å"4 West has terrible hand hygiene† â€Å"I need you to fix CLABSI. By next quarter.† Healthcare acquired infections (HAI) are a significant public health threat, impacting one out of every twenty-five hospital patients ((CDC HAI)), and have a significant financial impact on through increased costs of care and treatment, and risk to reimbursement through value based purchasingRead MoreVolkswagen of America: Managing It Priorities1283 Words   |  6 Pagescycle of ups and downs that became known â€Å"Himalayas chart†. 1990——the company was suffering the â€Å"Valley of Despair†. 2002——VW Group chairman, initiated a strategy of diversifying the product ——VWoA’s CEO, Gerd Klauss instituted an organizational readiness program called â€Å"Next Round of Growth† based on the product-diversification strategy. IT at VWoA 1992——VWoA , in order to reduce short-term costs, entered into a 10- years agreement with Perot Systems, an IT services provider.Read MoreSuccess For The New Change Plan1741 Words   |  7 Pages As SGH leadership has discovered, change projects frequently fail. The disappointing outcomes from the CPOE project can be acted upon as a trigger event for the SGH board of directors and executive leadership to make transformational change to ensure high patient safety at SGH. SGH leadership must start by reviewing the reasons for CPOE failure, and create a risk management plan with the change management planning team. Decker, Durand, Mayfield, McCormack, Skinner, Perdue (2012) introduce theRead MoreEssay On Healthcare Acquired Infection1504 Words   |  7 Pagestwenty-five hospital patients ((CDC HAI)), and have a significant financial impact on through increased costs of care and treatment, and risk to reimbursement through value based purchasing. Healthcare organizati ons are increasingly focused on reduction and elimination of infection, and infection preventionists (IPs) are often challenged by their organizational leadership to with â€Å"fix the HAI problem.† APIC’s long term vision is healthcare without infection,((APIC)) but the challenge of how toRead MoreOrganizational Culture At The Workplace1749 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizations as culture are able to create a vision for leaders to use in order to guide organizational objectives. It can also provide a perspective so followers can measure their leader’s performance in achieving the vision. Organizational culture can determine the way employees interact at the workplace and helps guide and give them a sense of direction at the workplace. Through observing Foundation, the following provide examples to demonstrate how Foundation is operating within the cultureRead MoreImproving Results And Outcomes Of Managing Organizational Change1237 Words   |  5 PagesManaging change is challenging. Understanding and incorporating change lessons can benefit leaders responsible for managing organizational change. They must recognize that change occurs regularly in business and t hat the greater the change impact, the higher the risk of failure. A successful change outcome occurs when leaders plan for the change, prioritize change management activities, communicate transparently, and develop a governance plan that allows for appropriate level decision making. CalSTRS

Effects of Civil War Essay - 871 Words

When a war occurs, it takes years for the society or societies involved to return to a more normal, calm state. In the case of the American Civil War, many aspects of the country were disrupted after the war ended in 1865. Relations were strained, land had been destroyed, families torn apart, and much more. The economy struggled, and many Southerners did not want to accept a loss. The death count for the American Civil War was also an amazing number, and made a large dent into families, businesses, and towns across the nation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When examining the physical damage to the land after the end of the war, it was obvious that much of the country had been brutally trampled and scarred by the battles and rampages of†¦show more content†¦Money was a great issue, as well as finding another place to build. The emotional stress of losing a home or business took a gigantic toll on survivors of the war too. The destruction left behind by the war overwhelmed many people; Northerners, Southerners, and blacks alike. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Economically, the huge cost of the war; which covered weapons, ammunition, clothes, food, and medical supplies, took a very large toll on the nations budget. The South was worse of then the North, but both sides would struggle for years due to the great loss. Millions of dollars were spent on these supplies, and the money came from many different places. For example, the South made some of their own paper money, while also borrowing from other countries. On top of the major expenses of the war as it had pressed on, the loss of businesses and important city buildings would cost a large amount of money for the people to replace; money that sometimes could not be raised for years to come after the end of the war. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With thousands of deaths on either side throughout the war, America’s population had been hit enormously. Besides the number count, the priceless lives of family members and friends had been stolen away, and could never be replaced. The brutal massacre that occurred over the four years of the war would be remembered as America’s bloodiest war withShow MoreRelatedEffects of Civil War899 Words   |  4 PagesWhen a war occurs, it takes years for the society or societies involved to return to a more normal, calm state. In the case of the American Civil War, many aspects of the country were disrupted after the war ended in 1865. Relations were strained, land had been destroyed, families torn apart, and much more. The economy struggled, and many Southerners did not want to accept a loss. The death count for the American Civil War was also an amazing number, and made a large dent into families, businessesRead MoreEffects Of The Civil War On Nepal 1357 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of the Civil War on Nepal Nepal is considered one of the poorest countries in the world. It suffers in many aspects due to its immense state of poverty and political violence. The civil war in Nepal, stimulated by the Communist Party against the Nepalese State, stretched over the course of 10 years lasting from 1996 to 2006. This war, also known as the â€Å"Peoples War†, was launched because the Communist Party believed that there was an insufficiency in ensuring freedom, justice and welfareRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of The Civil War1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe causes and effects of the Civil War will be defined through the institution of slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the military leadership of President Lincoln to resolve the uncompromising political position of the South/Confederacy. Lincoln’s â€Å"House Divided† speech will be an important primary source that defines the underlying resistance to the expansion of the slave states into new territories taken by the U.S. government in the 1850s. More so, the uncompromising and an increasingly militaristicRead MoreWomen s Effects On The Civil War1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe premise of war was that men would go to war while women stayed home to take care of the children and the towns that were left behind. As a consequence, women are often left out of the main narratives of war. Interestingly, historians looking specifically at women’s effects on the Civil War effort have found that women not only worked indirectly for the war effort in their towns to support the war by making uniforms and ammunition and that some even participated directly in the war by disguisingRead MoreCause And Effects Of The Civil War Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pages Jean Park US History Period 4 23 September 2017 The Effects of the Civil War The civil war was between the Northern and Southern states, which were divided on the issue of slavery. The northern states didn’t want slavery to continue while the south wanted slavery to continue. This disagreement led to a five-year war from 1861-1865 leading to many social changes like the how the emancipation proclamation leading to the formation of the 13th, 14th, 15th amendments. Which allowed the African AmericansRead MoreThe Civil War And Its Effect On The Reconstruction Process849 Words   |  4 PagesReconstruction The time of the Reconstruction saw one of the biggest stalemate in American history where the Union was at its youngest and most fragile state. At this time, the American Civil war had just ended and there was the prevailing threat of the continuation of slavery. Lincoln’s approach was lenient, where he expected that whatever Southern states that accepted to end slavery with at least 10% of their male population was going to be part of the confederation and help in rebuilding, whileRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of The American Civil War1815 Words   |  8 PagesVaughn Correctional Center September 9, 2014 The Causes and Effects of the American Civil War State Standard: H.4.A In 1860, Abraham Lincoln, a member of the anti-slavery Republican Party, was elected President of the United States (Hassler). Because his presidency was viewed by many southerners as a threat to the southern way of life, most southern states seceded from the Union and organized as the Confederate States of America (â€Å"Effects†). States that bordered the North and the South, such as DelawareRead MoreEffects Of The Civil War On American Politics Essay1900 Words   |  8 Pagesplace 150 years ago, the Civil War is still an event that weighs heavily on America’s conscious. The effects of the Civil War continue to alter American politics, and daily life. Many southerners still feel ill will towards the North, terming the war, â€Å"The War of Northern Aggression†, and recalling fondly their â€Å"Lost Cause†. Battles over states’ rights and the power of the Federal Government continue on, forming the ideological bases of our main political parties. A war was fought between neighborsRead MoreEffects Of The Civil War On The United States2477 Words   |  10 PagesThe United States of America following the Civil War was one that would be entrenched into the culture of the country for the remainder of its existence. While there are no survivors from the war or the time still living, we still see the effects of the war waning on the country. If not today, then definitely through the civil rights movement, but I digress. The Reconstruction Era in the United States followed the Civil War after the defeat of the Confederate States of America by the United StatesRead MoreThe Effects Of Slavery On Women During The Civil War877 Words   |  4 PagesConfederacy, an intellectual movement that believes the civil war was fought over honor and ideals instead of slavery, is because Southern Women saw the Civil War as a war on one of the fundamentals that made up their way life. My research paper is about understanding the effects that slavery had on women during and prior to the civil war, and how the absence of slavery effected them. This research will be used in order to paint a picture of how slavery effect all southern women, whether they were rich plantation

Cultural Differences-Free-Samples for Students-myassignmenthelp

Question: Do you think People living in regional areas are less or more Culturally Competent than those living in Cities? why? what is the best way to learn about Cultural differences? Answer: Introduction Cultural responsiveness is a key element of the recovery oriented service delivery and is of great paramount in improving quality and safety of healthcare services (Bloomer Al-Mutair, 2013). As the cultural diversity in Australia continues to grow, health care service providers need to know and respond to changes in the local communities they serve. According to Bloomer Al-Mutair (2013), these changes include the arrival of refugees and immigrants whom their values, social structures and beliefs (both traditional and religious) might vary significantly from those of the Australian tradition. Cultural beliefs about what constitutes pain and chronic diseases and how to address it may affect how refugees and immigrants seek help in the hospitals and whether or not theyll consider accessing healthcare service (Crail,Walker, Brown, 2013). Besides, understanding cancer (either brain or breast ) as a serious illness that requires early medical treatment is a concept that may seem strange or even threatening to different people from culturally linguistic diverse set ups. However, to respond to the needs of the culturally diverse set ups, Evans, Menace, Koffman, Harding, Higginson, Pool, Gyles (2012) holds that healthcare service providers need to first know who their patients are before engaging them in partnership to deliver health care services that are culturally responsive. This essay explores how cultural views and values play out in two different ethnic religious community groups. To address this issue, the essay will narrow down its research into two cases; one for Jessie, an indigenous Australian who had breast cancer and Raghda, a Syrian refugee but immigrant in Australia who had brain tumor-both are females. Culturally Responsive Care among the Indigenous Australians Wiener, McConnell, Latella, Ludi (2013) define pain as an intense, unpleasant sensory feeling that has physical, social and psychological implications. It has been noted that non-aboriginal physicists carry out unsafe Procedures especially during pain assessment. However, culturally pain assessment techniques have been adopted based on the research findings as well as though consultation with the Torres Strait Islander people (Wiener et al., 2013). Surprisingly, indigenous Australians suppress pain behaviors, as well as show reluctance their pain experiences with other people. This point manifests itself clearly in the case study where nurses come to realization that Jessie was aware of her condition one year later but could not seek biomedical health care; instead, she chose to use traditional herbal medicines. According to Fang, Sixsmith, Sinclair, Horst (2012), suppression of pain by the indigenous Australians can be as a result of suppression and oppression theyve endured since colonization. Fang et al., (2012) postulate that Aboriginals express their pain by muting, even when undergoing excruciating pain. However, Indigenous Australians who do as theyre requested and appear to accept health care process are considered to be well-behaved. On the other hand, non indigenous nurses refer to the Aboriginal patient as unobtrusive since they dont draw attention to themselves especially when in pain (Hanser Pedersen, 2013). Besides, most of them dont seem to bother about receiving a pain relief. This behavior has been referred as stoicism. The behavior manifests in Jessies case when she continues to use herbal medicines knowing that, they were not as effective as they were initially. According to the clinical observations, Aboriginals are reserved and non-obtrusive especially when undergoing pain; besides, this shouldnt mean that they dont feel pain (Lopez-Sierra Rodriguez-Sanchez, 2015). This phenomenon may enhance nurses belief that Aboriginals dont experience pain and have high tolerance to pain. But if such practices are taken into consideration, therell be limits in the palliative care provided. For cultural safety, Non- Aboriginal physicists should be cautious of the undesirable variables which define pain behavior including suggestive assessment, body language, caretakers, and measuring tools. Pain assessment among Aboriginals is not inclined to the person in pain alone, but to the extended family that conforms to the indigenous culture. In most cases, nurses find that a family member may contribute to the pain assessment by acting as a distraction from the pain (O'Brien, Bloomer, McGrath, Clark, Martin, Lock, 2013). An Aboriginal Torres strait islander person may seem to be comfortable, but once their relative appears, the physicist may be informed that their relative is in pain. This aspect of alerting health officers to the suffering of their family member is intertwined into the accountability within the Aboriginal family structure. According to O'Brien et al., (2013), the intimacy among family relations allows their members to seek alterations in character. To perform a patient -pain assessment, its significant to involve relatives into communication concerning pain experience of their loved ones. After all the intervention methods have been exhausted and failed to cure an Aboriginal person, it's then taken to be the spirits decision for them to die (Hansen Pedersen, 2013). However, when palliate care is provided by the nurse, other perspectives can come into use. Treatment plus palliative procedure that cause pain to the patient are considered as inferences to the desire of the spirits. Basing on this perception, its likely that the patient or those with her will ask for the termination of the end of care procedure, as well as the adoption of culturally safe pain management methods (Evans et al., 2012). In the event of a death and its found to be culturally immature, investigations are conducted to unearth its cause. In such scenarios, a nurse may be implicated with banishment from the community. According to Evans et al., (2012), the use of injection in end of life care may be taken for poison by the indigenous Australians. Lastly, its common for Aboriginals with serious il lness to ask to be escorted home when death approaches. Consequently, those doing the end-of life care in hospitals may ask to be discharged to die in their home since theres comfort and peace. Among the indigenous Australians, death is taken to be a natural event, unless suspicions arise. Since Aboriginals have a great value for their family, they consider it as a place where theyd like to be during the last moments of their life (Davidson, Jiwa, DiGiacomo, McGrath, Newton, Durey, Thompson, 2013). Because Jessie is suffering from Brest cancer that is incurable, its expected all that she needs is peace of mind as well as reassurance as she spends her end of life moments before death, Culturally Responsive Care among the Muslim Culture Public health research across the globe has continually reported on patients, mainly women with immigrant background continue to face difficulties in getting sufficient levels of health care particularly in the social health care set up (Asadi,-Lari, Goushegir, Madjd, Latifi 2012). Also, its evident that women with migrant background especially Muslims face large disparities in health care due to cultural, linguistic and socioeconomic factors. Muslims believe that health comes from Allah and that sickness can occur through his will. However, when sickness occurs, there are expectations put upon other people towards healthcare and welfare of those ailing (Crail et al., 2013). For example, Muslim culture encourages friends and family members to visit their loved ones in hospitals. This is evident in the case of Raghda, a Syrian refugee of Islamic faith but an Australian immigrant who has been receiving many visitors from the Syrian refugee community to check on her condition (brain tu mor). According to Islam, visiting the patient in the hospital is an act of honoring the patient by praying for them or with them, seeking forgiveness from them for the wrongdoings they might have done to them in the past, or giving support in any means possible (Asadi et al., 2013). Such acts can be very comforting especially for patients who suffer chronic diseases as they struggle with a vast range of physical, psychological and spiritual challenges. According to Bloomer and Al-Mutair (2013), a greater level of responsibility is encouraged for the close family members especially those in critical conditions. When such deeds are done in the aspect of care, it is with the aim of encouraging as well as supporting those ill, and to strengthen firmly their relationship with Allah prior to their death. The physical appearance of the relative or friends is believed to be essential to the physical and spiritual well being of the patient (Bloomer Al-Mutair, 2013). Through this, the patient can be assured that shes still valued and she has not been abandoned. In the event where the patient is not in a position to express her preferences in connection with treatment and health care, relatives especially the family members can be used to provide information in communications with the nurses. When Raghda is admitted in the hospital, her husband acts as a communicator to the nurses. Essentially, Islam does not recognize the right to die voluntarily irrespective of the excruciating pain a person is going through. This stems from the belief that life is divine and sacred and each moment in life is very precious and should be cherished as well as preserved. However, Muslims are forbidden from ending their life. As a matter of fact, no health professional or family member should render any service to bring about their death. Since palliative care helps in alleviating pain and suffering, Islam holds that pain and suffering endured by a patient can lead him/her to spiritual and moral nourishment (Shahid, Bessarab, Van Schaik, Aoun, Thompson, 2013). Muslims not only in Australia but all over the world are inclined not to use drugs containing alcohol because consumption of alcohol is forbidden in the Islamic culture (Asadi et al., 2012). Its a matter of common sense that some Muslims take alcohol even though its against the Islamic tradition. However, its not uncommon that in some areas people prefer not to use sedatives when theyre sick. Asadi et al., (2012), holds that most people use analgesics when theres need for it yet other prefer to remain alert and spend the rest part of their life in the memory for Allah, rather than being under the effect of alcohol or a sedative. According to the Islamic faith, Raghda chose to use cupping- a traditional middle east approach for treating headache especially migraines than analgesic medications that could keep her sedated Conclusion The nursing staff should keep a couple of things in mind when dealing with patients from different social-ethnic groups. First, a health care professional should notify his /her client of diagnosis prognosis and should never at any time give an estimated life expectancy since they do not hold life! A patient should make peace with his creator through religious responsibilities in order to meet the Almighty free of sin. Second, nurses should be considerate to the patients fear that the choice of pain relief care is a type of discrimination, pushing them away so as to make a space for others. Third, nurses need to adopt cultural competencies plus sensible caution when dealing with patients from different social-ethnic groups. Essentially, a holistic approach to healthcare calls for an understanding of spiritual beliefs, cultural values, and practices as well as religious practice by the nursing staff. With open borders strategy as well as population shifts, its vital that medical offic ers be trans-cultural with sensitivity to the spiritual needs of the clients. A patient should be given attention and the differences in his value as well as faith be acknowledged. Finally, it should be noted that spiritual and psychological care are essential components of healthcare that should be provided alongside patients needs and wishes. References Asadi?Lari, M., Goushegir, S. A., Madjd, Z., Latifi, N. A. (2012). Spiritual care at the end of life in the Islamic context, a systematic review. Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention, 1(2), 63-67. Bloomer, M. J., Al-Mutair, A. (2013). Ensuring cultural sensitivity for Muslim patients in the Australian ICU: Considerations for care. Australian Critical Care, 26(4), 193-196. Crail, S. U., Walker, R., Brown, M. (2013). Renal supportive and palliative care: position statement. Nephrology, 18(6), 393-400. Davidson, P. M., Jiwa, M., DiGiacomo, M. L., McGrath, S. J., Newton, P. J., Durey, A. J., ... Thompson, S. C. (2013). The experience of lung cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and what it means for policy, service planning and delivery. Australian Health Review, 37(1), 70-78. Evans, N., Meaca, A., Koffman, J., Harding, R., Higginson, I. J., Pool, R., Gysels, on behalf of PRISMA, M. (2012). Cultural competence in end-of-life care: terms, definitions, and conceptual models from the British literature. Journal of palliative medicine, 15(7), 812-820. Fang, M. L., Sixsmith, J., Sinclair, S., Horst, G. (2016). A knowledge synthesis of culturally-and spiritually-sensitive end-of-life care: findings from a scoping review. BMC geriatrics, 16(1), 107. Hanssen, I., Pedersen, G. (2013). Pain relief, spiritual needs, and family support: Three central areas in intercultural palliative care. Palliative supportive care, 11(6), 523-530. Lpez-Sierra, H. E., Rodrguez-Snchez, J. (2015). The supportive roles of religion and spirituality in end-of-life and palliative care of patients with cancer in a culturally diverse context: a literature review. Current opinion in supportive and palliative care, 9(1), 87-95. O'Brien, A. P., Bloomer, M. J., McGrath, P., Clark, K., Martin, T., Lock, M., ... McGrath Margaret, O. C. (2013). Considering Aboriginal palliative care models: the challenges for mainstream services. Rural Remote Heal, 13, 2339. Shahid, S., Bessarab, D., van Schaik, K. D., Aoun, S. M., Thompson, S. C. (2013). Improving palliative care outcomes for Aboriginal Australians: service providers perspectives. BMC palliative care, 12(1), 26. Wiener, L., McConnell, D. G., Latella, L., Ludi, E. (2013). Cultural and religious considerations in pediatric palliative care. Palliative supportive care, 11(1), 47-67.

Introducing of Edisons Technologies

Introducing new technological inventions influences all spheres of social life and industrial production. At this point, Thomas Edison can be considered a strongly influential figure in industrial inventing, holding more than 1000 patient until his death.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Introducing of Edison’s Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, the invention of electricity light, as well enormous contributions made to development of television and video media provides a new strand in perceiving the role and functions of technological advancement in society. Thus, by inventing the electric light, people have significantly improved their productivity. Moreover, they have reconsidered the needs and requirements by perceiving the advantage of new technology. At this point, although Edison’s technology redirected the attention from other inventions, their scientific and tec hnological achievements had captured the public attention and dictated new norms, values, and purposes in life. Recognized as the most prolific inventor, Thomas Edison redefined the concept of invention, and made the public reconsider the role of technologies in their life. So far, the inventions were focused on improving the quality of life by fulfilling physical needs of consumers. In fact, the emergence of electricity had not only contributed to the total reconstruction of the industrial process, but also compelled people to learn more about this new phenomenon to be able to reconstruct their lives. Thus, a shift of attention from gas light to the new electricity era had been introduced. The inventor had persuaded the public that previous devices were the matters of the past by explaining the main benefits of electricity – from its efficient work to the cost necessary to sustain the invention. In his interview with The Time reporters, Edison remarked, â€Å"the cost, comp ared to gas-pipe, will be very small, and there is very little change of their getting out of order† (Edison’s Electric Light, n. p.). Apart from outlining the main advantages of his new device, Edison also pointed to the similarities in functions of previous functions attributed to gas light. Nowadays, Edison’s strategy is heavily used by the inventors who strive to penetrate to the market and capture new segments of consumers.Advertising Looking for critical writing on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, the inventor managed to grasp the attention of the majority to give rise to the new period of electricity enlightenment, as well as greater opportunities opened for development of telecommunications. The fact that the idea of electric lightning was not new also indicates the actual function of Edison’s inventions. Nevertheless, the inventor successfully manipulated the public inte rest and made them focus on his original solutions (Friedel Finn, 1987). Thus, while the public attention was given to the discovery of carbonized filament, Edison had been working on the development of seven element system, being important to the practical application of electricity (Friedel Finn, 1987). In particular, the scientist focused on the development of an improved dynamo, constant voltage, safety fuses, a durable light bulb, and the parallel circuit. The success of Edison’s invention brought recognition and fame because electricity light invention had spread all over the world. Various electric companies benefited greatly from this invention because Edison’s technology attracted multiple investors who were interested in developing new incandescent lightning industry. Despite the fact nothing new was about the concept of electricity lightning, Edison has managed to choose a unique approach to developing the new technology. Edison’s increased awarenes s of the need to participate in developing a vacuum lamp was partially a reflection of his strong commitment to producing a successful invention. Both his reputation and his money was at stake due to the great risk of failure, but Edison’s confidence in entering a new technological path was strong and, as a result, the public had acknowledged his achievements in industry and social media (Friedel Finn, 1987). Thus, the inventor took advantage of the easier and more efficient approaches he chose for advancement and managed to surpass his competitors. Moreover, Edison paid great attention to revealing any advances to the public to emphasize the importance of his contributions.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Introducing of Edison’s Technologies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Explaining the benefits of new devices, as well as how those could be utilized, provided the inventor with a high competitive advantage over the other activists in the field. Apart from great attention of mass media to Edison’s remarks, the inventor also sought to attract other inventors and make them work on similar techniques. In such a manner, Edison had significantly promoted the development of electricity and telecommunication. Similar approaches to new product advertising are heavily employed by the producers of modern technology, including digital wireless devices that are popular among the consumers. Despite the fact that Edison’s technology redirected the public attention from other technological advances, his invention had gained public recognition and dictated new norms in social life and industrial production. To begin with, the misconception about considering Edison as the inventor of the light bulb is not accidental. In fact, Edison’s unique technique in developing new devices is premised on gaining public attention by expressing his strong commitment to prom oting technological progress. Most of his contributions, therefore, are confined to reinforcing the existing knowledge and enhancing their importance for the community development. References Edison’s Electric Light: Conflicting Statement As to Its Utility. (n. d.)The Times. Retrieved from https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1021.html#article Friedel, R. D., Finn, P. I. (1987). Edison’s Electric Light: Biography of an Invention.US: Rutgers University Press. This critical writing on Introducing of Edison’s Technologies was written and submitted by user Kaylyn Martin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

About the National Security Agency

About the National Security Agency The National Security Agency is a highly specialized and vital unit of the American intelligence community that works to create and break secret codes, a science known as cryptology. The National Security Agency, or NSA, reports to the U.S. Department of Defense. The work of the National Security Agency is done in secret and in the name of national security. The government did not even acknowledge the NSA existed for some time. The National Security Agencys nickname is No Such Agency. What the NSA Does The National Security Agency gathers intelligence by conducting surveillance on its adversaries through the collection of phone-call, email and Internet data. The intelligence agency has two primary missions: preventing foreign adversaries from stealing sensitive or classified national security information from the United States, and collecting, processing and disseminating information from foreign signals for counterintelligence purposes. History of the National Security Agency The National Security Agency was created on Nov. 4, 1952, by President Harry S. Truman. The intelligence agencys foundation has its genesis in the work U.S. forces conducted during World War II in breaking German and Japanese codes, which it describes as a crucial factor in the Allied success against German U-Boats in the North Atlantic and victory at the Battle of Midway in the Pacific. How the NSA is Difference From the FBI and CIA The Central Intelligence Agency deals mostly with gathering intelligence on Americas enemies and conducts covert operations overseas. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, on the other hand, operates within the U.S borders as a law-enforcement agency. The NSA is primarily a foreign intelligence agency, meaning that it is authorized to collect data to prevent threats from foreign countries. However, in 2013 it was revealed that the NSA and FBI had allegedly been collecting phone-call data from Verizon and other information from servers operated by none U.S. Internet companies including Microsoft, Yahoo, Google, Facebook, AOL, Skype, YouTube, and Apple. Leadership of the NSA The head of the National Security Agency/Central Security Service is appointed by the secretary of the Department of Defense and approved by the president. The NSA/CSS director must be a commissioned military officer who has earned at least three stars. The current director of the intelligence agency is U.S. Army Gen. Keith B. Alexander. The NSA and Civil Liberties The surveillance activities of the NSA and every other intelligence agency often raise questions about civil liberties, and whether Americans are being subjected to unconstitutional invasions of privacy. In a statement published on the NSAs website, agency deputy director John C. Inglis wrote: Im often asked the question, Whats more important – civil liberties or national security? Its a false question; its a false choice. At the end of the day, we must do both, and they are not irreconcilable. We have to find a way to ensure that we support the entirety of the Constitution – that was the intention of the framers of the Constitution, and thats what we do on a daily basis at the National Security Agency. Still, the NSA has publicly acknowledged that it has inadvertently collected communications from some Americans without a warrant in the name of national security. It has not said how often that happens, though. Who Oversees the NSA Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Government surveillance agencies are also subject to review by the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, which was created by Congress in 2004.

How to Craft Professional Book Reviews under Time Pressure

How to Craft Professional Book Reviews under Time Pressure How to Craft Professional Book Reviews under Time Pressure Different readers will always be keen on your thoughts about the books youve read if you follow the following advice in this article. When writing professional book reviews, you ought to have two objectives. First, to educate the reader about the content of the book, second, to present an assessment concerning the book’s quality. Before You Begin Writing Start reading the book, from the title, considering the relevant information that can be revealed from the title, preface, and table of contents. As you read the whole book, make notes from the passages to cite in your review, as well as to clarify the following information: What is the book about? Does it fit its genre? What is the writer’s perspective? Do you agree with it? Who is your favorite character, and why? Did the story keep you guessing? What is your favorite part of the book, and why? Is there any part of the book you truly dislike? Which and why? As an audience, can you flow with the authors style, whether formal or informal? Does the author’s conclusion convince you? What did the book achieve? Is more work required? Compare the book with others written by this author, or books in this genre by other writers Your opinion? If you could change something, what might it be? (If you wish you could change the ending, dont reveal it!) Writing Your Review Set the tone of the review. Hook the reader with your opening sentence, so they are keen on reading the rest of the review. Begin with a few sentences describing what the book is really about. Ensure your opening statements directly relate to your critical response to the book and keep them concise. Relevant information about the author including reputation, qualifications, and their previous work should be included in the introduction. The fundamental themes you want to discuss may also be mentioned, as this gives the readers an idea of the context of book analysis. Write a summary of the book. You can begin the overview of the themes and main points in the book after setting up your introduction. The summary needs to be kept short, to the point, and informative. Make use of quotes or paraphrases from the book to back up your summary without uncovering plot twists or giving any spoilers. The crux of the book is the critical analysis, and this is usually done after your summary of the book’s themes end. You have to be clear and direct when writing this. Talk about what you specifically liked about the book, and point out anything you disliked about it. Try not to spend more than one-third of the paper summarizing the book. Avoid plagiarism and ensure your essay is based primarily on evidence drawn from a careful reading of the book. The objective is to give a coherent piece with a reasonable argument. Thus, review the book you read, not the book you wish the author wrote. Wrap up the review. Â  After you have argued your position on the book clearly, sum up your analysis of in few sentences, and this should naturally flow into your conclusion. Talk about questions, which were not covered, pay attention to unsettled points concerning the topic of the analyzed book, and problems that still need to be solved or require deeper analysis. Do not introduce new material at this point. You could suggest the kind of reader youd recommend the book to. For instance, youths, older people, fans of relationship drama/comedy/ mystery stories. Then give the readers your farewell statement, something to think about! Sometimes the best closing is a dilemma that will stick in readers minds. A starred or numerical rating is not a bad idea too. Consider these tips when writing your original book review and enjoy the result.

The Future of Wireless Technology Research Paper

The Future of Wireless Technology - Research Paper Example As wireless technology is going to bring about a major change in every aspect of life – from entertainment to carrying out global business transactions, it is necessary to understand the importance of wireless technology. Advent of Wireless Technology The development of wireless technology may seem to be a recent phenomenon, but the fact is that the first step towards any form of wireless communication was through the discovery of electromagnetic waves in the early 1800s by Hans Christian Oersted through a compass needle ( Dubendorf, 2003). Later works of Michael Faraday and Maxwell also contributed to electromagnetic. In late 1800s, Graham Bell developed a photophone, where communication was done through light beams which mere modulated (Dubendorf, 2003). The first radio waves were created by Heinrich Hertz in 1887 with the help of an oscillator and found out that these waves could be transmitted and revived with the help of appropriate devices. Such a device was developed by Jagadish Chandra Bose during the 1890s and he made an important contribution to the understanding of millimeter length of waves (Dubendorf, 2003). ... In the 1940s, the technology advanced as two-way radio systems came into existence. During World War II, wireless signals were used by the US Military for coordination in terms of sending plans and providing instructions (Brodsky, 2008). Post 1960s, the focus of the research was centered around making the telephone wireless, and the telecom giant AT&T worked on features such as elimination of push to talk and implementation of automatic dialing (Brodsky, 2008). The 1970s and 1980s were eras centered on mobile technology as it marked key events such as development of digital voice technologies such as GSM, CDMA, implementation of AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Services) in 1983 as the first cellular service and so on. By 1986, the public had adopted the wireless technology with open arms as the cellular subscription reached 2 million (Brodsky, 2008). The 2000s can be considered to be the era of mobile telephones, wireless data communication through wi-fi,bluetooth, cellular data and mobi le satellite communication and computer interface devices. Wireless Devices Today Wireless technology is an avenue that is witnessing rapid advancements with new inventions emerging one after the other. Wireless technology operates through various mediums such as radio technology, communication through microwaves through reception antennas, through infrared, with the help of ultrasonic communication as well as through electromagnetic waves (O'Brien & Marakas, 2008). On hearing the term wireless, most people associate it with cellular technology. However, the wireless devices today expand beyond just cellular communication. This section highlights some of the

Simple Random Sampling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Simple Random Sampling - Essay Example This method would allow collection of data in all the target areas without any bias. Simple random sampling is a statistical tool used in research. In this research method, a subset of a sample is chosen from a population. All individuals are chosen randomly by chance, so that all individuals have the same probability at all the stages of the sampling process. (Patton, 2002). In both large and small populations, such process is done without replacement. An individual avoids choosing a member of a population more than once. Simple random can also be done with replacements but, when done without replacement, it not independent but it still accommodates interchangeability. For an extremely small subset from large population, simple random sampling without replacement gives the same results as wit replacement. Unbiased sampling is incredibly paramount so that the sample selected represents the entire population. This does not show that the sample is a perfect representation of the popula tion, but it provides valid conclusion in relation to the population. This is the simplest sampling technique, and it requires a complete sampling frame which is not feasible to construct from a big population. (Zikmund, 2010). One critical advantage is that it is free from errors, and it requires exceptionally little knowledge on the subsets. The respondents were people who could understand all that were required, and thus especially minimal explanation was required from the researchers. The questions that were used were applicable to all the businesses that were involved in the research. This is because, in simple random sampling, the subsets selected are picked from the target population. This makes it easy to interpret the data collected. The data collected was easy to analyze, and analyze since the respondents had almost the same answers to the research questions. The method was also suitable because the research was not gathering technical information that required experts. It was economical to explain the questions to the respondents, since it did target a large number of people. (Creswell, 2009). On the contrary, it has a lot of errors due to the randomness of selection that can give samples that do not reflect the characteristics of the actual population. For example, a simple random sampling of 20 businesses will averagely produce 10 businesses that got assistance from venture capital and 10 that did not, but the actual trial will over present or under present one of the category. The result of the research was incredibly consistent with the expectation of the researcher. There was no immense variation between the actual and the expected. This implies that simple random was a superior method for this research. Simple random sampling is tedious and exceptionally cumbersome when done from a large population. There was a lot of movement from one enterprise to the other to look for the respondents. Some of the respondents were not available at the time o f conducting the interview, and so the researcher had to go to another time. There were especially many entrepreneurs to be interviewed, and this method was so effective since it saved time. This was so imperative since it will not be feasible to interview all the businesspersons. It also complicated if the research questions are exceedingly many. The questionnaire had many questions, and this method only allowed the target group to answer the questions. The

An Imaginary Life and Wordsworth Essay Example for Free

An Imaginary Life and Wordsworth Essay In both David Malouf’s novel ‘An Imaginary Life’ and William Wordsworth’s poems, it is palpable how diverse times and cultures influence the significance of the association humanity can have with the natural world. There are four key techniques which are portrayed by both writers, portraying of characters, symbolism, imagery and concern; these techniques are presented through themes. The portraying of characters is shown through the theme of finding oneself in nature, symbolism finding hope in nature, imagery is emphasized through the indication that it is easier to connect with nature as a child and concerns towards the writers are accentuate through the theme of drifting away from nature. These themes help the writers highlight their techniques to the readers. Although both writers share the same views on nature, their context allows them to differ greatly from one another. Both Malouf and Wordsworth write through certain characters, Malouf wrote in his novel ‘An Imaginary Life’ through the character Ovid and Wordsworth through first person. An imaginary Life was written in a post-romantic era and tells the story of the Roman poet Ovids exile from Rome the centre of culture at the time to the bleak wilderness at Thomis, near the Black Sea. Here we have a person absolutely dependent on language a poet forced to live in a world where the landscape, the language, all is alien him. Eventually, with the assistance of the Child, a youth reared in the wild, Ovid comes to accept his new surroundings. He does this by using the power of language and imagination to construct this new world for himself in a way that is meaningful. His finding of a familiar flower, a poppy, in the wilderness, evokes for him the magical power of language to construct human reality. This reflects his personal views on nature as he himself chose to leave society and become a part of and appreciate nature. Wordsworth on the other hand wrote in first person, making it clear to his audience that these are his views and opinions. His mother died in 1788 at the age of eight and his father in 1783 at the age of thirteen. From there Wordsworth considered nature to be an adoptive parent. He rejected society, ‘Come forth into the light of things, let nature be your teacher’, this shows how Wordsworth idolizes nature, he portrays nature as ‘light’ and puts it into a superior position. Wordsworth introduced the romantic era, at the time poems were written to allow the reader to feel the emotions of the composer. Nature was considered high in the romantic era, Wordsworth’s, unlike Malouf, finds his connection with nature at a young age. This is because of his personal context of losing his parents as a child and having no sturdy adult guide, Wordsworth was forced into nature and away from society whilst Malouf chose to leave society and find nature. Although the romantic era was filled with ‘nature lover’ Wordsworth was said to have an unnatural and concerning relationship with nature, referred to as a ‘nature worshiper’. This comes as a concern to most readers. In his poem ‘Tintern Abbey’ Wordsworth writes I cannot paint/ What then I was, showing and essentially fathoming over his ‘boyish days’ when a blunt passion and a feeling that had no need of any interest/ Unborrowed from the eye Developed from the natural world of Tintern Abbey. Despite never being conspicuous, religion has been implemented into the poem, most of it pantheistic. Wordsworth describes himself as having a far deeper zeal / of holier love† Creating the image that mental images of nature can build an enigmatic perceptivity of the holy. Malouf sets no major concerns with his audience however he did drift away from modern society to connect with nature. The times in which both writers wrote allowed their opinions on the attraction to nature to differ. Symbolism is used in both writers’ texts, In David Malouf’s novel An Imaginary Life, one of the most compelling positions of characterization circuits around the Child. Malouf analyzes the contention of the affiliation connecting an old man, Ovid and the Child, and the modifications it brings in human personality. The Child in An Imaginary Life is not a child as a child, but here, the Child is a wild boy, as a symbol of barbaric or uncivilized society and mirrors the method of reflection and of the deepening of humanity’s evolution into a new self. Ovid represents civilized man who has to face changed life situation, in â€Å"new place†, as an exile. In this process, the inner balance of Ovid self-ness has been tested through many experiences. Furthermore, the figure playing main role in Ovid’s process is The Child. Thus, the chronology of the meeting between Ovid and the child in Tomis is really about the process of shaping selfness. Wordsworth on the other hand symbolizes nature and people as one. In his poem ‘Strange Fits Of Passion I Have Known’, he continuously symbolizes the moon with the search for his love. As the moon falls his hope becomes lost. In almost all his poems, Wordsworth used ‘I’ as a symbol to portray his own emotions. Both writers symbolize their hope in nature using certain descriptive languages. Both writers use nature as a symbol entirely. Word worth, in his poem ‘The Prelude’, symbolizes nature, â€Å"Free as a bird to settle where I will†, this shows he symbolizes a bird with himself. Imagery is used in all kinds of writing, it helps the readers understand what the author is seeing and feeling. Ovid, in An Imaginary Life has a ‘fear’ of wolves eating him on page 56, this is ironic as the child who saves Ovid was raised by wolves, and he quotes â€Å"What if the next tongue to touch me was a wolf’s tongue? Rough, greedy.† Malouf also wants his readers to imaginatively come to terms with the suffering and cruelty that resides in Australian history; in the treatment of the Aboriginal people by white settlers. Maloufs novels deal with the idea that there is a blurred boundary between history and fiction. Official history is revealed as partly a fiction something that gets modified over time. But unofficial history, the lives of ordinary people, is in a sense the true history.the secret history that can be brought to life through fiction. Wordsworth on the other hand portrays imagery through beauty. Using descriptive language such as â€Å"soft/gentle breeze†, â€Å"lofty cliffs†, Tintern Abbey has great imagery used by Wordsworths, for example: â€Å"Here, under this dark sycamore, and view These plots of cottage-ground, these orchard-tufts, Which at this season, with their unripe fruits, Are clad in one green hue, and lose themselves Mid groves and copses. Once again I see These hedge-rows, hardly hedge-rows, little lines Of sportive wood run wild: these pastoral farms, Green to the very door; and wreaths of smoke Sent up, in silence, from among the trees! With some uncertain notice, as might seem Of vagrant dwellers in the houseless woods, Or of some Hermits cave, where by his fire The Hermit sits alone.† It can be concluded that although two people share almost the exact same views, to appreciate and allow others to appreciate nature, they both wrote in very diverse ways. This is clearly due to historical, literary and authors context. Both Wordsworth and Malouf show the quality and importance of humanity’s relationship with nature and how times and culture influence the relationship. Although they are influenced by very different cultural and social values, both writers have the same goal, which is to understand nature and become a part of it. Wordsworth learns through his interaction with nature in â€Å"Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour, July 13, 1798,† and â€Å"It’s a Beauteous Evening, Calm and Free,† that there is a spiritual presence in the landscape. Ovid’s interaction with nature helps him break down the divisions between people and their environment to become at one with it. B oth writers demonstrate how interaction with nature is necessary to appreciate it.

Farmer, Political Boss, and Immigrant Essay -- American History

Farmer, Political Boss, and Immigrant Various people from the late nineteenth century held diverse opinions on political issues of the day. The source of this diversity was often due to varying backgrounds these people experienced. Three distinct groups of people are the farming class, the political bosses, and the immigrants, who poured into the country like an unstoppable flood. These groups of people also represented the social stratification of the new society, which had just emerged from rapid industrialization. These three groups had large differences in many aspects such as power, amount of money, and influence in political events of the day. The political boss dominated local city governments and pretended to be Robin Hoods of industrial society, but in reality were just petty thieves, attempting to earn large sums of money. The men involved in agricultural work were in a precarious situation. They experienced countless forms of natural disasters that constantly beset them and made it a formidable task to grow crops in such a hostile environment. Crops sold for ridiculously low amounts of money, and subsistence was a challenge, a challenge that many failed to overcome. The immigrants faced some of the greatest obstacles out of any class at the time. They were discriminated against by the â€Å"native-born† Americans and had to face sharp ethnic prejudice. Many immigrants were unskilled laborers and nearly all lived in poverty. These three diverse groups lived very differently from each other and held diverse views on important issues of the time period. The new emerging modes of thought contributed to the rise of new political organizations, such as the People’s or Populist party. The farmers faced tremendous... ...rked as unskilled laborers in the new factories. Most were poor, disgruntled, and found that America was not what they had expected when they left their native countries. The city bosses provided aid to these immigrants and then gained their political support. They unfairly took advantages of the immigrants to gain power, which helped them to gain the money they were seeking. The immigrants had a difficult life because most of them were crowded into ghettos and slums. They received low wages and faced dangerous and unhealthy working conditions daily. Concentration increased and living quarter size proportionately decreased. The immigrants experienced poor sanitation and contagious diseases and most did not have any plumbing or ventilation. They had a difficult and sad life, and many were more happy in their oppressive homelands than industrialized America.

Miss Brill

Mansfield did a really good Job at using theme through characterization. She first used Miss Broil's attitude and appearance. Miss. Brills was a very classy old lady, â€Å"Miss Brills was glad that she had decided on her fur. † Back in the period that Miss Brills lived, it was very elegant to wear a type of fur around your neck, this usually symbolized wealth. The theme here would be acceptance, this connects to the world because there is always that one piece of clothing everyone wants or wears as a status symbol.The author also uses characterization through action or incident when Miss Brills is in her own world acting as if she is part off play when two young people pull her back to reality. † It's her if-our which is so funny, â€Å"giggled the girl. â€Å"It's exactly like a fried whiting. † This shocks Miss Brills because she has never experienced insult before, she's always controlling what she wants to see and hear. When the young couple makes fun of her fur she realizes that she doesn't live in a fantasy and she has a hard time handling that. The theme here is reality.All of us have that escape, we can think of something and our whole attitude changes like Miss Brills, and maybe hat's what some of us need an escape from the harsh world that is reality. The author portrayed Miss Brills as a very detailed emotional character from the beginning. The section that most symbolized that emotion was â€Å"on her way home she usually bought a slice of honey- cake at the baker's. It was her Sunday treat; sometimes there was an almond in in her slice, sometimes not. It made a great difference. â€Å"If there was an almond it was like carrying home a little tiny present. † This one simple thing impacted her whole entire day.That single almond determined either or not she was going to have a good day or a bad day. It's really sad that all Miss Brills had to look forward to what may be the possibility an almond in her honey- cake. This relates to society because there are a lot of people who are introverts, and rely on a tiny piece of glory like Miss Brills does. Human society is so obsessed with what we have going on that we don't branch out and interact with other people, which makes it hard for people like Miss Brills to fit in or feel important. Tibias Wolff used characterization through Hunters in the snow really well, with Tub, Frank andKenny. Tibias used the theme reflection for Tub as well as physical characterization, â€Å"You ought to see yourself,† the driver said. â€Å"He looks Just like a beach ball with a hat on, doesn't he? Doesn't he, Frank? † People Judge people everyday because of their weight, what clothes they wear, what backpack they have and whom they hang out with, our society is based on prejudices, seen in the real world as well as the book. Jenny's characterization would definitely be through his dialogue because he was just like every bully in the world, â€Å"Okay,† Kenny said. â€Å"l wont say a word.Like I won't say anything about a certain babysitter. † He's using the theme of power he thinks he has with something someone willingly trusted him with and using it against him, people do this when they want something or they are Just rude. As for Frank his characterization and theme was shown through his emotion, â€Å"l mean _really_ in love. † He squeezed Tub's wrist. â€Å"With your whole being. † Frank was a very emotional person, you saw it through the way he treated Tub, and he was torn because if he didn't act like Kenny, Kenny would have mistreated his deepest secret.Frank also had relations with a babysitter, which he thought he loved; this may have Just been a cover up, for his unwillingness to want to grow older. She possibly made him feel alive again. This happens in real life too people get to a certain age where they want to feel young again, so they make modifications to their body and their life style. The se authors did a really amazing Job at using characterization through their stories I really felt like I understood the characters and what they were going through and how it related to my life or the world around me. Miss Brill Mansfield did a really good Job at using theme through characterization. She first used Miss Broil's attitude and appearance. Miss. Brills was a very classy old lady, â€Å"Miss Brills was glad that she had decided on her fur. † Back in the period that Miss Brills lived, it was very elegant to wear a type of fur around your neck, this usually symbolized wealth. The theme here would be acceptance, this connects to the world because there is always that one piece of clothing everyone wants or wears as a status symbol.The author also uses characterization through action or incident when Miss Brills is in her own world acting as if she is part off play when two young people pull her back to reality. † It's her if-our which is so funny, â€Å"giggled the girl. â€Å"It's exactly like a fried whiting. † This shocks Miss Brills because she has never experienced insult before, she's always controlling what she wants to see and hear. When the young couple makes fun of her fur she realizes that she doesn't live in a fantasy and she has a hard time handling that. The theme here is reality.All of us have that escape, we can think of something and our whole attitude changes like Miss Brills, and maybe hat's what some of us need an escape from the harsh world that is reality. The author portrayed Miss Brills as a very detailed emotional character from the beginning. The section that most symbolized that emotion was â€Å"on her way home she usually bought a slice of honey- cake at the baker's. It was her Sunday treat; sometimes there was an almond in in her slice, sometimes not. It made a great difference. â€Å"If there was an almond it was like carrying home a little tiny present. † This one simple thing impacted her whole entire day.That single almond determined either or not she was going to have a good day or a bad day. It's really sad that all Miss Brills had to look forward to what may be the possibility an almond in her honey- cake. This relates to society because there are a lot of people who are introverts, and rely on a tiny piece of glory like Miss Brills does. Human society is so obsessed with what we have going on that we don't branch out and interact with other people, which makes it hard for people like Miss Brills to fit in or feel important. Tibias Wolff used characterization through Hunters in the snow really well, with Tub, Frank andKenny. Tibias used the theme reflection for Tub as well as physical characterization, â€Å"You ought to see yourself,† the driver said. â€Å"He looks Just like a beach ball with a hat on, doesn't he? Doesn't he, Frank? † People Judge people everyday because of their weight, what clothes they wear, what backpack they have and whom they hang out with, our society is based on prejudices, seen in the real world as well as the book. Jenny's characterization would definitely be through his dialogue because he was just like every bully in the world, â€Å"Okay,† Kenny said. â€Å"l wont say a word.Like I won't say anything about a certain babysitter. † He's using the theme of power he thinks he has with something someone willingly trusted him with and using it against him, people do this when they want something or they are Just rude. As for Frank his characterization and theme was shown through his emotion, â€Å"l mean _really_ in love. † He squeezed Tub's wrist. â€Å"With your whole being. † Frank was a very emotional person, you saw it through the way he treated Tub, and he was torn because if he didn't act like Kenny, Kenny would have mistreated his deepest secret.Frank also had relations with a babysitter, which he thought he loved; this may have Just been a cover up, for his unwillingness to want to grow older. She possibly made him feel alive again. This happens in real life too people get to a certain age where they want to feel young again, so they make modifications to their body and their life style. The se authors did a really amazing Job at using characterization through their stories I really felt like I understood the characters and what they were going through and how it related to my life or the world around me.

Cognitive Development May Progress Gradually or Through a Series of Stages Essay

Cognitive development can be defined as the growth of our knowledge in understanding the world around us. This growth can be developed gradually, in other words, it is seen as a continuous process by collecting more information. Another way of developing cognitively is through a series of stages which involves some sort of revolution from one period to another in one’s lifetime. Jean Piaget, a cognitive developmentalist believed that humans go through a series of stages in life in order to reach their full cognitive ability. In this essay, we would briefly talk about Piaget’s Stage Theory and its criticisms. Piaget divided his theory into four different stages of development. The first one is known as the sensorimotor stage which is applied to infants for approximately the first two years of their lives. At this stage, infants discover the world mainly by their senses and actions. One of the main concepts Piaget penned is object permanence. This is the knowledge of the existence of objects even when we cannot directly sense it. Piaget suggested that babies lack this concept through his study; A not B task. In this study, the experimenter hides a toy under Box A then the baby would search for it under Box A. This procedure was repeated and eventually in front of the baby, the experimenter hid the toy under Box B. The baby searched for it under Box A instead of B even though they saw the experimenter hid it under Box B. Therefore, this study shows that the baby lacked the concept of object permanence. They are known to be in a state of solipsism, also known as the failure to differentiate between themselves and the surroundings. Based on observation conducted on his own children (1952), Piaget divided this stage into six different sub stages. However, Piaget’s claims on object permanence have been criticized. Baillargeon et al. (1985) found in their research that infants as young as three-and-a-half months have developed the ability of object permanence. This was backed up by Bower & Wishart (1972) whereby they discovered that even after the lights were switched off, the babies continued to search for the object shown. Hence, they do possess the ability of object permanence. The second stage is the preoperational stage which occurs when the child is aged 2 to 7. On this stage, the child solves problems by using symbols and develops the skill for languages. According to Piaget, the child is egocentric which means he sees the world from his standpoint but not others. The solution to this is to apply operational intelligence. The process of solving problems by using logic. Another concept which Piaget is concerned with is conservation. It is the understanding that any quantity remains the same even if physical changes is made to the objects holding the medium. In addition to these concepts, centration, also defined as the focus on a single aspect of a problem at a time. Piaget states that at this stage, the child fails to decenter. Conversely, Borke and Hughes (1975) found contradicting evidence against Piaget’s on his study of the three mountains task. They used the same elements of the task and discovered that children had no problem with identifying the perspectives of the others when the task is shown in a meaningful context. Hence, from the result obtained, Hughes found that the children did not display any characteristics of being egocentric. Furthermore, Gelman (1979) found in his study that four year olds altered their explanations of things to get their message across clearer to a blindfolded listener. If Piaget’s concept of egocentrism was correct then, this shouldn’t have happened. In addition, Flavell suggested an alternative to this issue by coining the Level 1 and Level 2 perspective-taking abilities. In Level 1, one thinks about viewing objects but not the different perspectives that can be seen of the objects while in Level 2, one is able to imagine the views of the objects from different angles. Flavell concluded that it is not compulsory that children think others share the same perspective as themselves but they do struggle to imagine what others can see. Therefore, this shows that Piaget’s claim on egocentrism could be correct or wrong. Moreover, in Donaldson’s Children’s Minds (1978), she argued that children misunderstood the questions which Piaget asked while conducting the studies. This was the reason why Piaget obtained the results in his studies involving the concept of conservation especially. Donaldson stated that Piaget’s tasks had no meaningful context for the children to understand, hence they answered what they thought the experimenter expected of them. This claim was supported by Rose & Blank (1974) where they found children often succeeded in the conservation task. Further research was done by Samuel & Bryant (1978) who used conservation of number, liquid quantity and substance and obtained similar conclusion with Rose & Blank’s. Donaldson also stated that children were unintentionally forced to produce the wrong answer against their own logical judgment. One of the explanations is that the same question was asked repeatedly before and after transformations presented to them and this in turn caused the children to believe that their original answer was wrong. Thus, the idea of children assuming the fact that reality changes according to appearance could be incorrect. In addition, Piaget may have underestimated a child’s cognitive ability because based on Mitchell & Robinson’s (1992) study; they demonstrated that children from the age of 4 could locate the correct answer to a solution by canceling out the alternatives. This process is also known as inference by elimination. The children were presented with a set of cartoon characters, three of which were well-known. They were asked to identify a superhero which was unknown. The researchers discovered that majority of the children selected the unknown character without doubt. Another example of a child’s ability is their capability with syllogisms which consists of logical problems accompanied by a general rule that enables people to create a statement. Dias and Harris (1990) stated a general rule that all fish live in trees and Tiddles is a fish, then it is logical to assume that Tiddles live in trees. After presenting this to the children, they insisted that Tiddles lives in the water instead. However, after the experimenters presented them with another rule, they were ready to use the rule to make inferences. Therefore, these evidences show that Piaget may have underestimated the abilities of younger children. Subsequently is the stage of concrete operation which happens to children around the age of 7 to 12. Now the child is able to solve their problems in a logical manner but the problem has to be either real or concrete. The final stage; formal operations which takes place when the child turns 12 and continue into their adulthood. In this stage, one would be able to solve problems systematically and logically even if the problem is a hypothetical situation. Wason and Johnson-Laird showed that most intelligent adults do not fulfill Piaget’s ideal cognitively developed person through selection task. This claim is proved in Cheng and Holyoak’s (1985) study where the results strongly show that majority of the participants does not display the reasoning of an adult in the stage of formal operations. In other words, this experiment is a clear indication that the formal operations stage does not exist. One of the critics of Piaget’s Stage Theory in general is John Flavell (1982) who claimed that Piaget did not define the cognitive processes clearly. Furthermore, Braine and Rumain (1983) who conducted an analysis on the contents and the structure of the theory found that Piaget’s theory could be flawed. These are only the few critics of Piaget’s Stage Theory. Thus, the theory is constantly being questioned due to its impact in the field of cognitive psychology. After stating the basic facts of the theory as well as giving some examples of the critics of Piaget’s concepts and ideas, we are now able to get an overview of the debate. Overall, there are evidences which propose some of the concepts to be reviewed again and maybe even rejected. However, from the researches conducted on Piaget’s theory as well as the impact of it, alternative theories were penned down. For example, Vygotsky’s theory which takes on a more social based view of describing the cognitive development. In conclusion, Piaget’s theory have been applied in various institutions especially education but it is also being criticized by many in the field, therefore, it is only fair to conclude that Piaget’s theory may need to be modified in order to create a more accurate theory to explain the way we understand the world.

Survey of Wireless Computing Essays - Wireless Networking

Survey of Wireless Computing Essays - Wireless Networking Survey of Wireless Computing School Of Computer Science Florida International University Abstract Wireless technology can provide many benefits to computing including faster response to queries, reduced time spent on paperwork, increased online time for users, just-in-time and real time control, tighter communications between clients and hosts. Wireless Computing is governed by two general forces: Technology, which provides a set of basic building blocks and User Applications, which determine a set of operations that must be carried out efficiently on demand. This paper summarizes technological changes that are underway and describes their impact on wireless computing development and implementation. It also describes the applications that influence the development and implementation of wireless computing and shows what current systems offer. 1 Introduction Wireless computing is the topic of much conversation today. The concept has been around for some time now but has been mainly utilizing communication protocols that exist for voice based communication. It is not intended to replace wired data communication but instead to be utilized in areas that it would be otherwise impossible to communicate using wires. Only recently has the industry been taking steps to formulate a standard that is more suitable to data transmission. Some the problems to be overcome are: (1) Data Integrity - relatively error free transmission, (2) Speed - as close as possible to the speed of current wired networks, (3) Protection - making sure that the data now airborne is encoded and cannot be tapped by unwelcome receivers, (4) Compatibility - ensuring that the many protocols that sure to be created subscribe to a standard to allow inter-operability, (5) Environmentally safe - strengths of electromagnetic radiation must be kept within normal levels. In our study of the theories and implementation concerns of wireless computing, we found that it is being treated in an object oriented fashion. Scientists and development crews, including the IEEE, are doing their best to implement wireless connectivity without changing the existing computer hardware. As a result, a lot of focus is on using existing computer hardware and software to convert data to a format compatible with the new hardware which will be added to the computer using ports or PCMCIA connections that already exist. This means that wireless communication will be transparent to the user if and when wireless computing is utilized on a wide scale. Wireless computing applications covers three broad areas of computing today. Replacement of normal wired LAN's need to retain the speed and reliability found in wired LAN's. Creation of semipermanent LAN's for quick and easy setup without the need for running wires. This would be necessary for events such as earthquakes. The last category is that of mobile computing. With advent of PCMCIA cards, notebook computers are being substituted for regular desktop machines with complete connectivity of the desktop machine. However, you lose the connectivity when out of the office unless you have a wireless means of communicating. On the compatibility issue, the ability to mix wireless brands on a single network is not likely to come soon. The IEEE Standards Committee is working on a wireless LAN standard 802.11, which is an extension of the Ethernet protocol. Because the field of wireless communication is so broad, the IEEE was not able to set a standard by the time private researchers were ready to test their theories hoping to set the standard for others to follow. 2 Methods There are a few methods of wireless communication being theorized and tested. (1) Radio: This is the method that makes use of standard radio waves in the 902 MHz to 928 MHz frequency range. Although these frequencies are well used, methods have been developed to ensure data integrity. Spread spectrum transmission of data is a method where the transmitter will send information simultaneously out over many frequencies in the range increasing the change that all data will eventually reach the receiver. Frequency hopping is an additional measure that also enables data security. The 26 MHz range of frequencies is further divided in to channels. The transmitter then sends out data hopping from one channel to the next in a certain pattern known to the receiver. Within each channel, spread spectrum transmission can be used to maintain interference avoidance. Some of this transmission manipulation can be avoided by transmitting at a frequency that is less used. Some developers have tried transmitting in the gigahertz range. The disadvantages here are: 1) Higher frequencies mean shorter wavelengths and shorter wavelengths do

What Is the PSAT 10 Complete Guide

What Is the PSAT 10 Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most high school students have heard of the PSAT NMSQT- aka the practice SAT that doubles as a qualifying exam for the National Merit competition. Fewer have heard of the PSAT 10, which is a version of the PSAT designed specifically for sophomores. What exactly is the PSAT 10, and why should you consider taking it? Learn all about it here. What Is the PSAT 10? The PSAT 10 is a practice SAT exam that debuted in the 2015-16 school year. It is aligned to the SAT,meaning it has similar question types and the same Reading, Writing, and Math sections. Its scores are based ona total scale of 320-1520. Unlike the SAT, which is designed for juniors and seniors, the PSAT 10 is designed specifically for sophomores in high school. As a result, its questions are not as difficult as those on the SAT. It's essential to know that the PSAT 10 is the same test as the PSAT/NMSQT, which is designed for both sophomores and juniors.In other words, all questions, sections, and time limits are the same for these two tests. So why do these exams have different names then? Here are the two major differences between the PSAT 10 and PSAT/NMSQT: The PSAT 10 is offered at a different time than the PSAT/NMSQT is: While the PSAT 10 is offeredonce a year to sophomores in the spring, the PSAT/NMSQT is offered once a year in the fall.School districts can choose when to administer the PSAT 10. This year, it must be between February 25 and March 29, 2019, or April 1 and April 26, 2019. The PSAT 10 doesnotqualify you for National Merit as the PSAT/NMSQT does: Even if you get a really highscore on it, don't expect to win any scholarships or awards. It's just an SAT practice test- that's it! What Is the PSAT/NMSQT? As stated above, the PSAT NMSQT is, content-wise, the same test as the PSAT 10. Like the PSAT 10, the PSAT/NMSQT is a practice SAT exam and is thus highly similar to the SAT.However, since the PSAT NMSQT is designed specifically for sophomores and juniors in high school, it's not nearly as difficult as the SAT is. We’ll explore the different difficulty levels in detail below. The PSAT NMSQT can qualify you for the National Merit competition but only ifyou take it as a junior and get a high enough scoreon it. While sophomores may take this test, too, they're not eligible for National Merit, no matter how high their scores might be. Finally,the PSAT NMSQT is offered only in the fall, typically in October. This year, the test will be held on Wednesday, October 10, 2018; there will also be a Saturday option on October 13, and an alternate date on Wednesday, October 24. Want to get a head start on the PSAT NMQST? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Timing and Scoring of the PSAT 10 The PSAT 10 is two hours and 45 minutes long, the same length as the PSAT NMSQT. Here are the details of each test section: PSAT Section Total Time # of Questions Reading 60 minutes 47 Writing and Language 35 minutes 44 Math 70 minutes 48 Even though there are more Reading and Writing questions than there are Math questions, Math is worth half your total score,between 160 and 760 points. Reading and Writing are combined to give you a single Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (EBRW) section score, also between 160 and 760 points. Therefore, the PSAT 10 is scored between 320 and 1520 (160–760 each for Math and EBRW). Score scale for the SAT, PSAT NMSQT, PSAT 10, and PSAT 8/9, via the College Board. This puts the PSAT 10 and the PSAT/NMSQT on a similar scale as the SAT, which is scored between 400 and 1600 (200 and 800 for Math and EBRW, respectively). The idea behind these similar scoring systems is that the PSAT can be used to predict your score on the SAT; however, it can't predict an exact score since the SAT is a more difficult test. This is why the scoring scales don’t match up exactly. What Does the PSAT 10 Test? The content and format of the PSAT 10 is identical to that of the PSAT/NMSQT and very similar to that of the SAT. The only major difference is that the PSAT 10 is shorter than the SAT is, and its questions do not get as difficult since they're designed for students at the sophomore level. Fortunately, the College Board offers specific guidelines as to how the PSAT differs from the SAT, primarily in terms of difficulty and content.We will summarize this information by section to give you an idea of what to expect on the PSAT 10. PSAT 10 Reading Section All questions in the PSAT 10 Reading section are multiple choice and based on passages.You'll have 60 minutes to answer 47 questions. Read below for more on what the passages are like and how difficult the questions are. What Are the Passages Like? The Reading section passages are drawn from American and world literature, history/social studies articles, and science articles. You'll get four passages and a set of paired passages for which you'll be asked to compare them. Some passages include informational graphics, such as charts, graphs, and tables, and it’s your job to be able to break those down and interpret them accurately. In other words, the Reading section goes beyond your basic "read the passage, answer the questions" standardized test. According to the College Board's comparison of the PSAT and SAT Reading tests, both sections cover text levelsfrom 9th grade to 10th grade,as well as some postsecondary, or college-level, texts.In addition, the difficulty of the graphical representations are deemed "somewhat challenging to challenging" for both the PSAT and SAT. So what does all of this mean? While the difficulty of Reading passages are generally the same for both tests,the total number of words in these passages differs. The SAT contains 3,250 words total in its passages, whereas the PSAT contains just 3,000 words total. What Are the Questions Like? Both the SAT and PSAT emphasize the following skills, or subscores, in their Reading sections: Analysis in history/social studies passages Analysis in science passages Interpretation of words in context Command of evidence Analysis of history/social studies and analysis of science mean that you'll have to analyze patterns in the writing and choose answers explaining how and why certain phenomena are true. Interpretation of words in context means that you'll be asked to define a word’s meaning given its context in the passage.Note that you won’t be asked obscure vocab questions. Finally, command of evidence tests your ability to identify parts or words in a passage that support or give evidence for specific claims, conclusions, and/or interpretations. Take a look at theofficial PSAT example question below to get an idea of what a PSAT 10 Reading question looks like. Notice how the emphasis is on what the sentence means in the context of the passage (not shown): PSAT 10 Writing Section For the PSAT 10 Writing section, you will also be working with passages. But for these questions, you'll be put in the role of an editor who is improving a passage. Like the PSAT 10 Reading section, all questions are multiple choice.You'll have 35 minutes to answer 44 questions. What Are the Passages Like? Passages on the PSAT 10 Writing section are either arguments, informative/explanatory texts or nonfiction narratives. They address topics related to careers, history/social studies, science, and the humanities. Some passages come with informational graphics, such as charts, graphs, and tables. Passages are long and require you to answer questions about the whole passage’s organization and meaning. However,there is also more fine-grained editing. For example, you might have to determine the correct placement of a comma in part of a sentence. The texts vary in complexity, from those found in high school classes to college-level. Again, the PSAT 10 covers a very similar variety of texts as those on the SAT Writing section. What Are the Questions Like? Just like on the Reading section, the Writing questions will emphasize the following four subscores: Analysis in history/social studies passages Analysis in science passages Interpretation of words in context Command of evidence Moreover, two other subscores calledexpression of ideas (i.e., topic development, organization, and rhetorical effectiveness) and standard English conventions will be tested. What these mean is that in addition to analyzing passages’ meanings, you'll also have to correct their content on a technical level. Check out the two official sample PSAT Writing questions below: PSAT 10 Math Section For the PSAT Math section, you'll get 70 minutes to answer 48 questions.Most questions will be multiple choice, but there are some student-produced (grid-in) responses;these account for about 17% of Math questions. Like the SAT Math section, the PSAT Math section is divided into two parts: a No Calculator Math Test, for which use of a calculator is not permitted, and a Calculator Math Test, for which use of a calculator is permitted. Note that you will get grid-ins on each subsection. Here is a brief overview of each Math subsection: PSAT 10 Math Subsection Total Time # of Questions No Calculator 25 minutes 17 Calculator 45 minutes 31 The emphasis in the Math section is on problem solving, modeling, using appropriate tools strategically, and recognizing and using algebraic structures. In practice, this means more story/situation problems than the old SAT/PSAT had. Pre-algebra, algebra, geometry, basic statistics, and trigonometry are all tested on the SAT. As the College Board notes,the PSAT 10 generally contains fewer advanced algebra, geometry, and trig questions.That said, you can still expect a pretty thorough test of pre-algebra, basic algebra, and basic statistics. Below are two official PSAT Math questions. The first is from the No Calculator subsection, and the second is from the Calculator subsection: Should You Take the PSAT 10 or the PSAT NMSQT? Now that you understand what the similarities and differences are between the PSAT 10 and PSAT NMSQT, which test should you take? Below, we give you a few key tips to help you decide whether to take the PSAT 10 or the PSAT NMSQT: As a junior, you should definitely take the PSAT/NMSQT.Doing this will give you a shot to qualify for the National Merit competition should you score high enough for it; you'll also get the most rigorous practice for the SAT. As a sophomore, you can take either test, depending on your goals.However, if you have your heart set on getting a National Merit Scholarship, then it's best to take the PSAT/NMSQT as a sophomore (possibly in addition to the PSAT 10 if you want even more practice). Though you can’t qualify for National Merit as a 10th grader, youcan get in some helpful practice and learn exactly how difficult the exam is. You’ll also start more rigorous SAT practice early. If you’re a freshman or younger, consider taking the PSAT 8/9- yet another version of the PSAT specifically designed for older middle school students in (you guessed it!) the eighth and ninth grades. The PSAT 8/9 will introduce you to SAT-type questions without overwhelming you with difficult content. What’s Next? Get a complete guide to the SATandthe PSATso you can understand how to prep for these two important tests and what you'll need to know to do well on them. Not sure exactly when you should aim to take the SAT? Get an answer to that question here. What exactly is National Merit? Learn more about the program here and then get tips onhow to win the scholarship. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Cardiac Tissue Engineering Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cardiac Tissue Engineering - Term Paper Example The accordion-like, honeycomb, polymer scaffold matches the structural and mechanical characteristics of heart tissues by being directionally dependent. This means that the tissues that were cultivated on the scaffold gave similar electrophysiological responses to those of the native heart. The nature of the scaffold also intrinsically guides the alignment of cultured cells even without electrical stimulation (Engelmayr et al., 2008). Compared to previous scaffolds, this one has mechanical properties that are very similar to those of the native heart.   ‘application of principles and methods of engineering and life sciences toward fundamental understanding of structure-function relationship in normal and pathological mammalian tissues and the development of biological substitutes to restore, maintain or improve functions’ (as quoted in Eschenhagen & Zimmermann, 2005). Tissue engineering employs biological, engineering, and material sciences to replace and improve the function of biological tissues. There are three general strategies used (Langer & Vacanti, 1993): 3. implantation of cells on matrices to the body either in closed systems (where the implants are isolated from other tissues to prevent immune system attack), and open systems where the cells are incorporated into the system. Matrices (or scaffolds) may be created from natural materials or from synthetic polymers. The current techniques involve the production of tissues from donor cells that have been seeded on three-dimensional polymeric scaffolds, then inducing growth of new healthy tissues by culture and implantation of these scaffolds to the chosen organ.  

Should schools require student uniforms Term Paper

Should schools require student uniforms - Term Paper Example In this regard, the aim of the current essay is to propose to the school administrators, parents and students that school uniforms should be prescribed. The discourse would initially present a brief review of literature from previous studies that delved into the subject. Subsequently, some statistical information would be provided to determine how many public or private schools in the United States prescribe wearing school uniforms. In addition, the effects of wearing school uniforms to students’ academic performance and to other variables would be determined and examined. Finally, a concluding portion would firmly establish support for one’s initial contention. Review of Related Literature In a study written by Gentile and Imberman, the authors examined the effects of wearing a prescribed school uniform on the behavior and academic performance of students in a large urban school district in the southwest portion (LUSD-SW) of the country. As disclosed, â€Å"uniforms g enerate improvements in attendance and test scores. These results are particularly strong for girls in middle and high school. We also find evidence that suggests behavioral problems shift towards less severe infractions for both genders in middle and high school. ... The author revealed that there are various benefits for enforcing school uniforms that include focusing on academic pursuits, fostering of a team-like spirit, and creating a more conducive school climate for learning, among others. Likewise, in another article written by Konheim-Kalkstein, the author contended that â€Å"when students dress alike, proponents say, the school climate may be improved† (Konheim-Kalkstein 25). The author likewise looked into other aspects and effects of using school uniform in terms of potentially reducing violence, improving the school climate, and saving money (Konheim-Kalkstein). Statistics on School Uniform Use In the statistics provided in the Statistic Brain website, it facts revealed that 23% of all private and public schools combined in the USA have a clearly defined school uniform policy (School Uniform Statistics). The information was noted to have been verified from the US Department of Education, NCES, ECS, NAESP, and University of Flor ida (School Uniform Statistics). Likewise, uniform sales were noted to have reached $1.1 billion in 2000 and an average annual cost of having the school uniform produced according to the prescribed design is $249 per annum (School Uniform Statistics). The city with the most percentage of schools adhering to a prescribed school uniform in public schools was disclosed as New Orleans (95%); while the city with the smallest percentage of users is Cincinnati at 50% (School Uniform Statistics). It is also interesting to note that from the reasons provided by parents and teachers regarding implementing the use of school uniforms, majority of parents (49%) indicated that â€Å"the school uniform has been financially beneficial for my household†